Charles Nègre comes from a family of Italian descent, the Nègri,
established in Grasse since 1778. He spends his childhood in the
atmosphere of the prosperous family business, before leaving for
Paris at the age of 18 to study Fine Arts.
He takes classes with Paul Delaroche then completes his training
as a painter under Ingres.
Beginning in 1843 he exhibits regularly in the Salons and in 1851
Napoleon III acquires some of the twelve paintings presented. Talented,
inquisitive, Charles Nègre is attracted by new techniques and after
exploring Daguerre's procedure he opts for photography in 1847.
If at the beginning, Charles Nègre sees photography as a tool he
can use to execute his paintings, he is quick to discover other
possibilities and takes up photography as an artistic practice,
approaching all the genres : portraits, landscapes,
documentation,...
However the silver-nitrate based photographic proofs deteriorate
rapidly. Charles Nègre begins studying the procedure s of a new
technique called heliogravure, which he improves
significantly. Around 1860 frail health brings him back to his birthplace
where he will end his days.
Charles Nègre
Leda and the Swan
1850 Salon
Oil on canvas
H. 33 cm (12 7/8 in.) L. 48 cm (18 3/4 in.)
With the closing of the Delaroche studio in 1843, Charles Nègre
does a short stint in Michel Martin Drolling's, then works in Ingre's
until 1848, who will strongly influence him.
Charles Nègre
Portrait of Marie-Claire Gavoty the artist's grandmother at the age of 84
1861
Photography, silver-nitrate proof
H. 34 cm (13 1/4 in.) L. 27 cm (10 1/2 in.)
In August 1852, Charles Nègre leaves Grasse to photograph the monuments
and archeological vestiges of his homeland. He takes over 200 photos,
compiled under the name of "Album du Midi de la France". He also
enjoys photographing family members in groups or one by one.
Upon his return, the state commissions him with the intention of
creating a photographic document of the Chartres cathedral, the
Imperial asylum of Vincennes, and the main collection pieces from
the Louvre.
Charles Nègre
The Chartres Cathedral
1857
Helioengraving
H. 75 cm (29 1/4) L. 97 cm (37 7/8 in.)
In 1865, Charles Nègre acquires a 15 year patent for his procedure
to transform photographic images into engraved plaques. The improvement
he brings to existing procedures allows not only for the reproduction
of recessed engraved plaques , but also raised engravings used for
typographic prints. In addition, he introduces the damascening of
plaques, and brings a whole range of half-tones and nuances to his
predecessors' rather dry proofs.